Pancreatitis in Dogs
Pancreatitis is defined as “inflammation of the pancreas”. Most likely, you have heard of this condition in humans, but maybe you didn’t know that this can also occur in dogs (and cats!). The pancreas is integral for the digestion of foods, producing enzymes that digest foods, and producing insulin. It is a busy little organ! When the pancreas becomes inflamed, the flow of enzymes into the digestive tract becomes disrupted, forcing the enzymes into the abdominal area. The enzymes will then begin to break down fat and proteins in the other organs, as well as in the pancreas. As a result, the body begins to ‘digest itself’.
Pancreatitis often progresses rapidly in dogs, but if treated immediately, permanent damage to the organ may be averted. If untreated long-term though, severe organ and possibly brain damage may occur.
Symptoms of pancreatitis may include fever, vomiting, diarrhea, loss of appetite, weight loss, dehydration, lethargy, abdominal pain, increased heart rate, and difficulty breathing.
There are several possible causes of pancreatitis. Nutritional factors, such as high levels of fat or calcium in the blood, may cause this condition. Obesity linked to a high fat and low carb diet can also be a major risk factor. Even without a routine high fat diet, a dog can have pancreatic inflammation after eating a large amount of fatty foods that is not normally part of their diet. (So those table scraps are a NO NO!) Also possible is trauma to the pancreas, or a reaction to a drug or toxin. Although this condition can occur in any dog breed, it is seen more frequently in Miniature Schnuauzers, Miniature Poodles, and Cocker Spaniels. It also tends to be more common in females than males, and more so in elderly dogs than the young.
If any of the above-mentioned symptoms are noticed in your dog, you should see your veterinarian immediately. Your vet will most likely order a full blood work up to check for nutrient imbalances, as well as an x-ray to look for evidence of damage to the pancreas. Pancreatic and liver enzymes may be measured to analyze increases of either in the bloodstream. Insulin may also be checked to assure normal levels. Once all other conditions are ruled out and pancreatitis and the possible cause(s) are diagnosed, a plan of treatment can be formed.
Most likely, treatment will begin with fluid therapy and electrolyte and potassium supplements. If vomiting or diarrhea is present, medications will be prescribed to help control it. Pain medications may also be prescribed if your dog is experiencing severe abdominal pain. Antibiotics may be given to prevent against any infections. Food intake may be slowed or stopped for a few days to give the pancreas time to rest and slow enzyme production. When food is resumed, a bland, low-fat, high-carb diet may be recommended until the condition has cleared. All or part of this new diet plan may also be needed long-term to prevent future flare-ups. A prevention plan may also include a weight reduction (if overweight), proper weight management, avoidance of high-fat diets, and the avoidance of drugs that may increase inflammation. If your dog has had a bout of pancreatitis before and you are concerned about recurrence, following these guidelines will help you rest a little easier when it comes to the health of your pup.